![]() These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources. ![]() Typical sizes for household use range from 75–400 L (20–100 US gallons). ![]() These consist of a cylindrical vessel or container that keeps water continuously hot and ready to use. In household and commercial usage, most North American and Southern Asian water heaters are the tank type, also called storage water heaters. Main article: Storage water heater Gas furnace (top) and storage water heater (bottom) (Germany) This is common practice in the US, especially when warm-air space heating is usually employed. Hot water used for space heating may be heated by fossil fuels in a boiler, while potable water may be heated in a separate appliance. Types of water heating appliances Electric-tank–type storage water heater (US) Some energy utilities offer their customers funding to help offset the higher first cost of energy efficient water heaters. Electric heat pump water heaters are significantly more efficient than electric resistance water heaters, but also more expensive to purchase. Today, in the United States, domestic hot water used in homes is most commonly heated with natural gas, electric resistance, or a heat pump. Generally the consumer has no in-building backup system as redundancy is usually significant on the district heating supply side. Actual heating of tap water is performed in heat exchangers at the consumers' premises. District heating systems supply energy for water heating and space heating from combined heat and power (CHP) plants such as incinerators, central heat pumps, waste heat from industries, geothermal heating, and central solar heating. ![]() This is especially the case in Scandinavia, Finland and Poland. Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and geothermal heating can also heat water, often in combination with backup systems powered by fossil fuels or electricity.ĭensely populated urban areas of some countries provide district heating of hot water. Electricity to heat water may also come from any other electrical source, such as nuclear power or renewable energy. These may be consumed directly or may produce electricity that, in turn, heats water. In domestic installations, potable water heated for uses other than space heating is also called domestic hot water ( DHW).įossil fuels ( natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil), or solid fuels are commonly used for heating water. These names depend on region, and whether they heat potable or non-potable water, are in domestic or industrial use, and their energy source. The temperature varies with the consumption rate, becoming cooler as flow increases.Īppliances that provide a continual supply of hot water are called water heaters, hot water heaters, hot water tanks, boilers, heat exchangers, geysers (Southern Africa and the Arab world), or calorifiers. Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs. These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature. In industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses.ĭomestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as water heaters, kettles, cauldrons, pots, or coppers. Typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. ![]() Water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.
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